3rd-5th Grade
Subjects:
Language Arts, Library / Technology, Philanthropy and Social Studies
Key Words/Concepts click to view
| ART-M: | Music: Perform |
| ELA: | Happy Birthday Martin Luther King; Communicate; Listening; Response to Text/Others |
| PHIL: | 1 lesson genOn; Act of Kindness; African American; Common Good; Justice; Kindness; Sacrifice |
| SOC: | Citizenship/Civic Engagement; Discrimination; Good Character; Justice; Rights/Responsibilities |
Focus Question(s):
What is a world citizen's responsibility to promote and advocate for justice and kindness?
NOTE: Prior to this lesson, use the Blue Sky Activity in which students envision a better world. If you already have a Blue Sky display, revisit it before beginning this lesson.
Purpose:
Through literature and music, this lesson explores the implementation of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birth date as a United States holiday. Students listen to a story about the celebration of his birthday and hear about the quest of those who fought to have it recognized as a national holiday. In addition, students learn the lyrics of Stevie Wonder's song "Happy Birthday" and discover how it fueled the campaign to proclaim Dr. King as a national hero.
Duration:
One 60-minute class period
Objectives:
The learner will:
- listen to a book and song about the life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his role in the Civil Rights Movement.
- explain how Dr. King worked philanthropically for the common good of all citizens.
- write a reflection about the attributes of a hero.
Service Experience:
Although this lesson contains a service project example, decisions about service plans and implementation should be made by students, as age appropriate.
Suggestions:
- Students teach K-2 students what they have learned about Martin Luther King, Jr. and teach them the Happy Birthday song.
- Students volunteer as storytellers and present the Martin Luther King, Jr. text to the K-2 students.
Instructional Procedure(s):
Teacher Note: Before this lesson, preview the history (see Materials for website) of the decision to make Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday a national holiday so you can summarize it for the students.
Anticipatory Set:
Say to the learners, "Today I am going to read a story about the life of a gentleman named Dr. King, and then we will explore how his birthday became a national holiday." Read the book Happy Birthday Martin Luther King by Jean Marzollo and ask the students to recall the events of his life and to summarize the work of Dr. King.
- Review the meaning of the word philanthropy ("giving time, talent, or treasure for the sake of another or for the common good").
- Ask students to identify examples of Dr. King giving his time, talent, and treasure for the common good.
- Have learners explain why we honor Dr. King. (He fought for equal rights, stood against injustice, and envisioned a society where all humankind would be treated equally no matter what their race, religion, or ethnicity. He used nonviolent tactics, was a peacemaker, and lost his life during his fight for the cause.)
- Ask students the question, "How do you think our country decides what should became a national holiday?" Allow and accept all responses to encourage students to connect to the concept.
- Ask the students to identify some national holidays and brainstorm reasons these days are holidays. As you listen to the discussion, write some key words on the board that describe the characteristics of the people. Some words that come up may be president, leader, change, inspirational, hard-working, sacrifice, first, fight for what is right, exploration, and honor. Ask the students if these holidays honor someone who worked for the common good.
- Tell the students that you are going to explain how Martin Luther King's birthday became a holiday. Ask them to look at the list of words and note which ones fit the work of Dr. King. Briefly share the information (paraphrased from the link listed in Materials) about how it became a national holiday. Tell students why some people supported the concept (promotes peace rather than aggression, honors the work of a man who protested racial discrimination, etc.) and why others opposed the idea (he didn't hold public office, too expensive to add another national holiday and possible day off from work and school, etc.).
- With the students, go back to the list of words on the board and underline those that describe Dr. King and support the decision to make his birthday a national holiday.
- Tell the students that the words to a song in 1980 influenced the decision to make Dr. King's birthday a national holiday. Tell the students that music has always been used as a form of communication. Stevie Wonder expressed his feelings about Dr. King through his song "Happy Birthday."
- Distribute a printout of the lyrics to the song. (See Materials.) Play a recording of the song while students listen.
- Read aloud the lyrics of the song with the students.
- Discuss the meaning of the lyrics. Ask the students to pick out meaningful lines of the song and explain them to the rest of the class. Discuss how these lyrics might have influenced the decision to make Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday a national holiday.
- After the discussion, play the song again and all sing along.
- Ask the students how this song and holiday inspire us to work for justice and promote kindness to all.
- Ask students to brainstorm ideas of actions they can perform to promote justice and kindness as they participate in a King Day project.
Assessment:
Students write a paragraph, reflecting on the term hero and its attributes. (See Handout 1.)
Learning Link(s): (click to view)
Have an idea for a Learning Link?
If your Link is accepted for publication on the Web site you will be credited with your name, school, and city.
These Learning Links provide ten quick-and-easy, five-minute mini-lessons to promote student thought and dialogue about service and civic engagement. You may use as many of them as you wish, and in whatever order best meets your needs and the interest of your students. The purpose of these mini-lessons is to provide a deeper understanding of philanthropy (the giving of time, talent, and treasure for the common good) and to reinforce the lesson focus. These Learning Links also promote the development of character traits, civic engagement, and student leadership. As appropriate to your grade level, it is recommended that students play an active leadership role in presenting these mini-lessons to their classmates.
Read: There are more than 200 million children in the world working at jobs that are harmful to their health. These jobs may keep them from going to school or playing. These children don’t have a choice. Their families need the money to survive. These children may work on farms or in factories. They may be cleaning houses or serving wealthy people. They may be working underground in dangerous mines. Or maybe they are selling things in a market or on the streets. Many people don’t know about these children. One-third of these children are under the age of ten.
Discuss: Why do you think it’s worse for children than adults to work in jobs that are dangerous? What are children missing out on when they have to work to help their families survive? What rights do you think every child in the world should have? Who can speak for these children?
(Facts from teachUNICEF.org.)
- Read: Jamal’s dad took him to the bike store on his birthday to buy him a new bicycle helmet. Jamal spotted the one he liked right away. It was pink and purple and had butterflies on it. His dad said, “Wouldn’t you like this blue one?” The clerk at the store didn’t want to sell it to him. “No, that’s a girl’s helmet. These are the boy’s helmets,” he said as he pointed to a different section. Jamal insisted on the helmet in his favorite colors and took it home. Later, his best friend laughed at his choice. “Why did you pick that one?” he asked. Jamal didn’t let it bother him. “These are my favorite colors. Why can’t boys like pink and purple?” His friend shrugged his shoulders, and they rode their bikes around the block.
Discuss: Why do boys have to like boy colors and girls like girl colors? Where do those ideas come from? Are there other things that are boy things and girl things? Are some rights for girls only? Are some rights for boys only? When is it a problem to say, “That’s for girls only” or “That’s for boys only”? What can you say to someone who says that?
- Read: What does the word tribe mean to you? When you hear it, do you think of wild people living together in huts and wearing animal skins? That is exactly why the word tribe is not the best word to use today. It is an old word used by people who thought Native Americans or Africans were wild and not smart. Today the word shows a lack of respect for others. Native American nations and African groups have long histories of traditions and culture that form who they are. They are not less smart. Even though we do not mean any harm when we use the word tribe, it is important to be thoughtful so we choose words that show respect for all people.
Discuss: How does learning about a different people change your opinion about them? How can you show respect for someone who dresses or acts differently than you or celebrates different holidays than you do? What do you think are good words to use when you are meeting someone new?
- Read: Carlos has to ride his bike to school on most days. If there is snow, he walks, and if it rains he brings an umbrella. Sometimes he asks his mom for a ride in the car. She usually says no. But sometimes she rides alongside him or walks with him on rainy days. She says it is all about pollution. “If we can avoid driving we will,” she says. “What difference does one car driving one mile make to the environment?” he asks.
Discuss: What difference could one car make? There is such a big problem in the world; does Carlos’ ride make any difference? What difference do you think one act of kindness or respect makes? What difference do you think acts of kindness for King Day make for the rest of the year?
- Read: Tanya is a gymnast who is planning to go the Olympics when she is sixteen. She has been climbing and swinging and training for this since she was four years old. Tanya has been blind since she was born, but this does not slow her down one bit. Tanya does not want to be thought of as a blind girl. She wants people to think of her as a gymnast, a friend, a funny person, and smart. Some people want to protect her. They think she might not be able to get around or go to school. But Tanya doesn’t want people to feel sorry for her. “What for?” she asks. “I can do everything any other nine-year-old can do, except see.”
Discuss: Does Tanya’s blindness keep her from doing what she is good at? A person with special needs is also a person with special talents, just like everyone else. Why do people feel uncomfortable around people with special needs? What could you say or do that shows respect and kindness?
- Read: Traffic Signs are important. They tell drivers how to drive safely down streets and highways. Traffic signs can also be good reminders to us even though we aren’t drivers yet. A STOP sign or a RED traffic light can remind us that we need to stop doing things that are unkind. A YIELD sign can remind us to take turns in our play. A MERGE sign can remind us to join in with others and to let others join in with us. A CAUTION sign or flashing YELLOW light can remind us to be careful and think before we act or speak. A ONE WAY sign can remind us that teamwork is important. A GREEN light can remind us that we need to get moving; to get involved.
Discuss: Our King Day project is a way to show kindness and friendship. Signs we see along the highway can be good reminders about kindness and friendship. What might the sign KEEP RIGHT remind us to do? Can you think of any other signs you see along the streets and highways that could be reminders for us as well? Why is it important to be reminded?
- Read: Ernie, the eagle lived high atop the trees. He could look out over everything in the Wakefield Forest. He was big and strong. He could soar miles in the air. He knew everybody in the forest and where they lived. If they got lost he would help them find their way home. He knew all about the trees. He would show his forest friends where to pick the best fruit. He knew all about forest fires. When they started he would quickly tell the forest ranger. He knew where the best fishing was. He would show the bears and fishermen where to go so they could catch many fish. He knew all about the weather and how it affected the forest. Everyone considered him the smartest living creature in the forest. One day he was approached by young eagle just learning to be an eagle. He came to Ernie to ask him a question. “What’s the greatest thing in the world?” he asked. Ernie looked out over the forest and said to the young eagle, “Do you really want to know?”
“Yes! Yes!” came the eager reply.
“OK, the greatest thing in the world is to do somebody else a favor,” Ernie said.
Discuss: Do you think the young eagle expected this answer from Ernie? Why or why not? Why do you think Ernie would say that the greatest thing in the world is to do somebody else a favor? Has anyone ever done a favor for you? In what ways will we be doing great things during our King Day project ? How do you think that will make us feel?
- Read: A little boy wanted to run away from home. He was not happy with the way things were going. As he took a bag of potato chips and a six-pack of root beer he informed his mother that he was leaving and started on his journey. He hadn’t gone far when he sat down to rest on a park bench. An old man was sitting there looking very sad. He had recently lost his son in a war far away. Now he just stared at the pigeons. The little boy was hungry so he opened up his suitcase and took out the potato chips and a can root beer. He noticed that the man beside him looked hungry, too. He motioned for the man to help himself to the potato chips. He also handed him a can of root beer. The old man nodded his acceptance and smiled at the boy. They sat there for a long time. They did not speak to each other. They just smiled at each other and munched on potato chips and sipped their drinks. As it started to grow dark, the old man got up to leave. The little boy reached out to him and gave him a hug. It was then the little boy remembered how nice a hug was .He decided to go back home. When he opened the front door to his home his mother immediately saw happiness written all over his face. She hugged him. She told him that she loved him and was so glad that he was back home. She then told him to go wash up for dinner. Meanwhile, the old man returned to his home. Immediately his wife noticed his cheery smile. “It looks like you had a good day.” she remarked.
“I did!" he said. “I found a new friend.”
Discuss: Sometimes we forget how important our smiles and hugs are. Sometimes we miss the smiles and hugs of others. How is our King Day project hoping to bring a cheery smile and a good day to people? Why is having and being a friend so important?
- Read: Each day the students in Mr. Blake’s third grade class had special assignments. Today it was Angela’s turn to take the ball out at recess time. It was also her turn to organize the game. Lupita and Jerrod were worried. Yesterday they did not let Angela play in their game. They wondered if they would be allowed to play today. When the recess bell rang everybody ran to the playground. But not Lupita and Jerrod. They stayed back. As Angela passed them carrying the ball, she said, “Hey come on you slow pokes, I’ll race you to the playground.”
Discuss: How do you think Lupita and Jerrod felt when Angela invited them to play four-square? Why do you think Angela would choose to include Lupita and Jerrod in the game? How might our King Day project show kindness and fairness? Why might it be important to show kindness and fairness to people even if they are not always kind and fair to us?
- Read: One day Jamie’s teacher gave her third grade class a homework assignment. The assignment was to interview an adult family member. The question they were to ask in the interview was, “What is one of the things that makes you feel happy?” Jamie decided he would ask his grandmother the question. He expected his grandmother to say something like driving her new car or getting a new dress; winning the Bridge game or getting a hug from her grandchildren. Something like that, but instead grandmother said, “One of the things that makes me most happy is helping make other people feel happy.”
Discuss: How do think most kids our age would answer the question, “What is one of the things that make you most happy?” Why do you think grandma felt so happy helping to make others feel happy? In what ways might we our King Day project help others feel happy? In what ways might our King Day project help us to feel happy?
School/Home Connection:
Students start a journal entitled, "The Hero in Me." At least once a week, students write an entry describing philanthropic acts they have performed. Example: This week, I gave my time by...
This journal assignment may be extended to the end of the school year.
Cross-Curriculum Extensions:
Students write new versions of the "Happy Birthday" song, celebrating the life and philanthropic work of Dr. King. They may use the same tune or create a rap.
Students conduct research and write a song or paragraph about another individual who was or is an advocate for the common good, especially someone who has strengthened the threads of civil society with his/her actions.
Reflection: (click to view)
Reflection plays a very important role in promoting student learning. The following suggested activities are ways to help students reflect on their learning after they have participated in a service event. Choose one or more of the activities most appropriate to the service event and your students.
ACTIVITY ONE:
Provide each student with a cutout of a green, orange, yellow, and blue gum ball (a circle). On each green gum ball have the students write what they did during the King Day project activity. On each orange gum have them write what impact they felt they made because of what they did. On the yellow gum ball have the students write a word that represents how they felt. On the blue gum ball have the students write something that they might do in the future to be helpful. Have students share their “gum balls” with a partner. After their sharing, have the students come to the display area and place their four gum balls inside the outline of a glass topped gum ball machine. (NOTE: Each gum ball should be displayed so that what is written on it can be easily read.) Should the “Gum ball Machine” not be “filled up,” encourage the students to add additional blue gum balls as they think of additional activities they could do to be of service.
ACTIVITY TWO:
Have the students share what chores they are responsible for doing around their home. Record these responses on a display board for all to see. Have the students look for commonalities and differences. Lead the students in a discussion that explores why doing these chores might be helpful to everyone in the family; how they contribute to the “common good” of the family. Now, lead the students in a discussion about the King Day project and have them explain what it is they did during the King Day project. Record their responses next to their “chores” responses on the display board. Lead the students in a discussion that explores the importance of doing their “chores” as a member of the community; why taking part in the King Day project might be helpful to their family, school, and/or community.
Ask the students how they feel about doing their “chores” around the house. Record their responses on the display board. Then encourage them to share how they felt while being involved in the King Day project and have them compare their “chore” feelings with their “King Day project ” feelings. Note similarities and differences and encourage them to draw some conclusions.
ACTIVITY THREE:
Draw a clock face on the display board without its numbers and Label it “What Time Is It?” Randomly, read the statements below and instruct students to raise their hands if they know what time it is (hour)? They are to determine the correct time by the clue found in the statements. Once a student correctly identifies the time (hour) from the clue, they are to share something from their experience with the King Day project . Capture one or two key words or phrases that “summarize” the student comments and record these key words/concepts, along with the correctly identified number in the appropriate hour position that the number occupies on the clock face. (Note: Use the ‘time cues’ suggested or ones that might be more appropriate to your present classroom academic instruction.
Time Clues:
- How many people are flying an airplane when a pilot is flying solo?
(1 o’clock)
- How many people are there singing in a duet/How many people does it take to tango?
(2 o’clock)
- The minimum number of legs you need on a chair in order for it to stay upright/The right side half of a figure eight/Number of blind mice who ran after the farmer’s wife.
(3 o’clock)
- The number of “downs” you get to move the football 10 yards/The number that is called out when a golfer is concerned that someone might be hit by the golf ball.
(4 o’clock)
- The number of digits that make up a hand or a foot/Number of players on a basketball team that can be playing on the floor at the same time
(5 o’clock)
- A half-dozen/The highest number one can shake on a single die
(6 o’clock)
- The number of days in a week/A half of a decade plus two
(7 o’clock)
- The figure of some race tracks/The shape of a snowman
(8 o’clock)
- Three triples/One year short of a decade/A baseball team
(9 o’clock)
- The highest score for an Olympic diver/A decade
(10 o’clock)
- The last hour of the morning before noon/The hour before midnight
(11 o’clock)
- Eggs are usually sold in this quantity/How old is the oldest pre-teen in the world?
(12 o’clock)
Once the numbers and key words/phrases have been placed on the clock, label the clock “Time for Philanthropy.” Ask the students to summarize what they heard in the way of key words and phrases. Asking “Do you have time for philanthropy?” might be a good question when considering helpful acts of kindness and justice.
ACTIVITY FOUR:
Show the students a variety of pictures of various candy bars (or have a variety of candy bars on display). Ask the students to think about their favorite candy bar. Have them share what it is about their "pictured" candy bar that appeal to them.
For example:
- How do they feel while they are thinking about their favorite candy bar?
- How do they feel while they are actually eating their favorite candy bar?
- How do they feel after they have actually eaten their favorite candy bar?
- Do they think that they might eat another of those candy bars in the future?
- Do they think they might try a different kind of candy bar in the future?
Have the students think about and share with the class how eating their favorite candy bar and their having been involved in this most recent King Day project might be alike. Conclude this reflection by having the students share their favorite part about this King Day project and explain why.
Bibliographical References:
- Marzolla, Jean. Happy Birthday Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr. Scholastic 1995. ISBN 9780590728287.
Lesson Developed By:
Greta Hendricks Johnson
Detroit Public Schools
Van Zile Elementary School
Detroit, MI 48234
Handouts:
What Makes a Hero?

advocate
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compassionate |
brave |
empathy
|
| kind |
philanthropist
|
righteous
|
courage |
| strong |
perserverance |
common good |
pursues justice
|
Name_____________________________
Choose at least five words or phrases listed above and write a paragraph about character traits that describe a hero. Include details about why you chose each trait. If you don't know a word, use the dictionary.
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Comments
Great Lesson! The children learned a lot and enjoyed it.